Thyroid Disorders
Hyperthyroidism: Graves (TSI +ve, diffuse goitre, ophthalmopathy), Toxic multinodular, Toxic adenoma. Treatment: Carbimazole, PTU (1st trimester), Radioiodine, Surgery.
Hypothyroidism: Hashimoto (Anti-TPO +ve), Post-radioiodine, Post-surgical. Treatment: Levothyroxine.
Adrenal
Addison: Hyperpigmentation, hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia. Causes: Autoimmune (primary), Pituitary (secondary). Treatment: Hydrocortisone + Fludrocortisone.
Cushing: Centripetal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, hypertension. Causes: ACTH-dependent (pituitary, ectopic), ACTH-independent (adenoma).
Pituitary
Acromegaly: GH-secreting adenoma. Large hands/feet, coarse features. IGF-1 elevated.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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