Goitre Classification
Diffuse: Entire gland enlarged. Graves disease (hyperthyroid), Hashimoto (hypothyroid).
Multinodular: Multiple nodules. Most common thyroid disease.
Solitary nodule: Single nodule. 10-20% malignant risk.
Thyroiditis
- Hashimoto: Anti-TPO, Anti-thyroglobulin. Painless goitre -> hypothyroidism.
- De Quervain: Painful goitre, elevated ESR. Usually post-viral. Self-limiting.
- Subacute (silent): Painless, post-partum. May cause transient hyper -> hypo -> recovery.
Thyroid Cancer Types
Papillary (80%): Slow-growing, lymph node spread. Treatment: total thyroidectomy + radioiodine.
Follicular (10%): Hematogenous spread (bone, lung). Need total thyroidectomy.
Medullary: Calcitonin elevated. RET mutation (MEN2). Prophylactic thyroidectomy if RET+.
Anaplastic (1%): Very aggressive, elderly. Poor prognosis.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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