Barrier Methods
Male condom (98% effective with perfect use), Female condom, Diaphragm, Cervical cap.
Hormonal Methods
Combined oral contraceptive pill: Contains estrogen + progestogen. Mechanism: suppress ovulation, thicken cervical mucus. Pearl index: 0.3.
Progestogen-only pill: Suppress ovulation, thicken mucus. Pearl index: 0.5.
Injectables: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). 3-monthly injection.
IUCDs
Copper IUCD: Non-hormonal. Effective 5 years. Levonorgestrel IUCD (Mirena): Hormonal, reduces bleeding.
Permanent Methods
Male sterilization (vasectomy), Female sterilization (tubal ligation).
Natural Methods
Calendar method, Basal body temperature, Cervical mucus (Billings).
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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