Appendicitis
McBurney point tenderness, Rovsing sign (LLQ pressure -> RLQ pain), Psoas sign (pain on extension), Obturator sign (pain on internal rotation).
Ward signs: Rovsing, Cope (psoas), Cope (obturator), Dunphy (pain on coughing).
Intestinal Obstruction
Causes: Adhesions (most common), Hernias, Tumors, Volvulus, Intussusception.
Features: Colicky abdominal pain, distension, vomiting (bilious then feculent), absolute constipation.
Peritonitis
Generalised: Rigid abdomen, absent bowel sounds, rebound tenderness. Causes: perforated viscus, gangrenous bowel.
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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