Asthma
Reversible airway obstruction. Triggers: allergens, exercise, cold, infection. Features: wheeze, dyspnea, cough, worse at night.
Treatment: SABA (salbutamol) reliever. ICS (fluticasone) preventer. LABA + ICS for moderate-severe. Omalizumab for severe allergic.
COPD
Irreversible obstruction. FEV1/FVC <0.70. GOLD staging by FEV1 % predicted. ABCD assessment by symptoms + exacerbation history.
Pleural Effusion
Transudate: CCF, cirrhosis, nephrotic. Exudate: Infection, malignancy, PE (Light criteria).
Pneumothorax
Primary: Spontaneous in tall thin men. Secondary: underlying lung disease. Tension: emergency, needle decompression (2nd ICS midclavicular).
Revision history
- 20 September 2026 — Initial publication
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